Câu điều kiện trong Tiếng Anh là ngữ pháp quan trọng trong tiếng Anh. Tuy nhiên không phải ai cũng nắm vững kiến thức về câu điều kiện.
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Câu điều kiện dùng để nêu lên một giả thiết về một sự việc, mà sự việc đó chỉ có thể xảy ra khi điều kiện được nói đến xảy ra. Câu điều kiện gồm có hai phần (hai mệnh đề):
Cấu trúc: If + S + V/V(s/es), S + V/V(s/es)
Cách sử dụng: Dùng để diễn tả một sự việc luôn đúng, một chân lý.
Ví dụ: – If you heat the ice, it melts. (Nếu bạn làm nóng băng, nó sẽ tan chảy.)
Đây là một sự thật hiển nhiên, luôn luôn đúng nên ta sẽ sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 0 để nói.
Cấu trúc: If + S + V/V(s/es), S + will + V(nguyên thể)
Trong câu điều kiện loại I, mệnh đề If ta chia thì HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN và mệnh đề chính ta chia thì tương lai đơn.
Cách sử dụng: Dùng để giả định về một sự việc có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Ví dụ: – If she comes, I will go with her. (Nếu cô ấy đến, tôi sẽ đi với cô ấy)
Ta hiểu rằng hiện tại cô ấy vẫn chưa đến, và ta cũng không biết được rằng cô ấy có đến hay không (hoàn toàn có thể xảy ra).
Vì vậy giả định nếu cô ấy đến là một giả định hoàn toàn có thể xảy ra nên ta sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 1.
Cấu trúc: If + S + V-ed/cột 2, S + would/should + V(nguyên thể)
Trong câu điều kiện loại II, mệnh đề IF chia thì QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN và động từ trong mệnh đề chính ta sử dụng cấu trúc: would/ should + động từ nguyên thể.
Cách sử dụng: Dùng để giả định về một sự việc không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Ví dụ: – If they had a lot of money now, they would travel around the world. (Nếu bây giờ họ có nhiều tiền, họ sẽ đi du lịch vòng quanh thế giới.)
Ta thấy có thời gian ở hiện tại là now (bây giờ) và hiểu rằng bây giờ họ không có nhiều tiền nên mới đưa ra câu giả định như vậy. Vì thế ta sử dụng câu điều kiện loại II để diễn đạt một giả định về một sự việc không có thật ở hiện tại.
CHÚ Ý: Trong câu điều kiện loại II, nếu mệnh đề if sử dụng động từ to be ở thì quá khứ đơn thì ta chỉ sử dụng to be là were với tất cả các ngôi.
Ví dụ: – If I were you, I wouldnt stay at home now. (Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ không ở nhà bây giờ.)
Ta thấy chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề If là I nhưng ta vẫn sử dụng động từ to be là were vì trong câu điều kiện loại II này to be chia quá khứ là were với tất cả các chủ ngữ.
Cấu trúc: If + S + had + VpII, S + would/should + have + vpII
Trong câu điều kiện loại III, mệnh đề If chia thì QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH, và động từ trong mệnh đề chính sẽ sử dụng cấu trúc: would/ should + have + VpII.
Cách sử dụng: Dùng để giả định về một sự việc trái với sự thật trong quá khứ.
Ví dụ: – If she had told me the truth yesterday, I would have helped her. (Nếu cô ấy nói với tôi sự thật ngày hôm qua, tôi đã giúp cô ấy rồi.)
Câu 1: Put the verbs in brackets into their correct forms!
1. I would have read the letter if I__________ (know) it was from you.
2. If Tony doesnt help in the garden I _________________(not finish) my work in time.
3. If you_________________ (not tell ) me about Maxwells birthday I would forget it.
4. We ______________(catch) the train earlier if Mary had found her purse.
5. If Susan ________________(learn) the poem she would have known the answer.
6. If it _______________(be) too hot we will stop and get a cold drink.
7. If i_______________t (not rain) today I would stay it home.
8. If the Professor spoke clearly we__________________(understand) him better.
9. If you go on talking like that we_________________ (throw) you out.
10. If Sasha__________________ (go) home now he would meet his own brother.
11. If it rained , the streets ____________________(be) wet.
12. If I________________ (not tell) Jim the address he wouldnt have found you.
13. The bird___________________ (die) if you had caught it
14. What _________________(you, do) if you won the lottery ?
15. If the weather ___________________(not change) we will reach the top of the mountain.
16. Dinner___________ (be) fine if the meat werent cold.
17. Im sure Benny ______________(come) if you wait a bit longer.
18. If you ring the bell, somebody______________ (answer) it.
19. If Bert ______________(see) you, he would have talked to you.
20. You ____________________(find ) your ticket if you had looked into your pockets.
21. You_____________________ (fall) ill if you eat so much.
22. What _______________(happen) if the door had not been opened?
23. If Chris asked you for a cigarette, ________________(you, give) him one?
24. If you________________ (buy) that big car, you would need a lot of money.
25._____________________ (You, change) the colour of your hair if I asked you to do so ?
26. If you give me the letter, I ____________________(post) it for you .
27.__________________ (You, post) the letter if I had given it to you?
28. If the weather is fine, I______________________ (go) swimming.
29. If you_______________ (not work) harder, you won’t pass the exam.
30. If they _____________ (go) skating if the lake were frozen.
32. What would you have done, if you _____________(lose) your handbag?
33. What will happen if you______________(go) on holiday, if she hadn’t been ill.
35. If I_______ (be) like you, I wouldn’t watch such films.
37. If you opened your eyes, you _____________(see) a wonderful world.
38. People _______________(live) in peace if they stop fighting.
39. If Tom ____________so much,he (cannot drive) home.
40. If we_________________ (not hurry) we would miss the train.
41. He-________________ (not spend) so much money if he weren’t a happy person.
42._________________ (You, come ) , if you had had more time ?
43. If Jim _____________(study) the new words he would have got a better mark.
44. If he were rich, he _____________(buy) the house.
45. If you don’t hurry you__________ (be) late.
46. If it wasn’t so hot, we__________ (play) football.
47. If I____________(be) ill, would you visit me?
48. If Sean________ (not be) driving so fast, the police would not have stopped him.
49. If I had sold my house, I______________ (get) 4 million pounds.
50. If I____________ (be) you I would I would do it.
KEY
IF – CLAUSES IF 1
Put the verbs in brackets into their correct forms !
1. I would have read the letter if I had known (know) it was from you.
2. If Tony doesnt help in the garden I will not finish (not finish) my work in time
3. If you didnt tell (not tell ) me about Maxwells birthday I would forget it.
4. We would have caught (catch) the train earlier if Mary had found her purse.
5. If Susan had learned (learn) the poem she would have known the answer.
6. If it isnt (be) too hot we will stop and get a cold drink.
7. If it didnt rain (not rain) today I would stay it home.
8. If the Professor spoke clearly we would understand (understand) him better
9. If you go on talking like that we will throw (throw) you out.
10. If Sasha went home (go) home now he would meet his own brother.
11. If it rained , the streets would be (be) wet.
12. If I had not told (not tell) Jim the address he wouldnt have found you.
13. The bird would have died (die) if you had caught it.
14. What would you do (you, do) if you won the lottery?
15. If the weather doesnt change (not change) we will reach the top of the mountain.
16. Dinner would be (be) fine if the meat werent cold.
17. Im sure Benny will come (come) if you wait a bit longer.
18. If you ring the bell, somebody will answer (answer) it.
19. If Bert had seen (see) you, he would have talked to you.
20. You would have found (find ) your ticket if you had looked into your pockets.
21. You will fall (fall) ill if you eat so much.
22. What would have happened (happen) if the door had not been opened?
23. If Chris asked you for a cigarette, would you give (you, give) him one?
24. If you bought (buy) that big car, you would need a lot of money.
25. Would you change (You, change) the colour of your hair if I asked you to do so?
26. If you give me the letter, I will post (post) it for you .
27. Would you have posted (You, post) the letter if I had given it to you?
28. If the weather is fine, I will go (go) swimming.
29. If you dont work(not work) harder, you won’t pass the exam.
30. If they were (be) rich, they would travel around the world.
31. The children would go (go) skating if the lake were frozen.
32. What would you have done, if you had lost (lose) your handbag?
33. What will happen if you dont know (not know) the answer?
34. She would have gone (go) on holiday, if she hadn’t been ill.
35. If I had noticed (notice) you, I would have said hello.
36. If I were (be) like you, I wouldn’t watch such films.
37. If you opened your eyes, you would see (see) a wonderful world.
38. People will live(live) in peace if they stop fighting.
39. If Tom drinks so much,he wont be able drive (cannot drive) home.
40. If we didnt hurry (not hurry) we would miss the train.
41. He wouldnt spend (not spend) so much money if he weren’t a happy person.
42. Would you have come (You, come ) , if you had had more time ?
43. If Jim had studied (study) the new words he would have got a better mark.
44. If he were rich, he would buy(buy) the house.
45. If you don’t hurry you will be (be) late.
46. If it wasn’t so hot, we would play (play) football.
47. If I was/were(be) ill, would you visit me?
48. If Sean had not driven (not be) driving so fast, the police would not have stopped him.
49. If I had sold my house, I would have got (get) 4 million pounds.
50. If I was/were (be) you I would I would do it.
Exercise 2: Choose the best answer to complete the sentences:
1. If I had free time, I _____ some shopping with you
A. did
B. will do
C. would do
D. would have done
2. Unless she ____, she will be late for school
A. hurried
B. hurries
C. will hurry
D. is hurrying
3. I would have given him this present, if I ___ him
A. had meet
B. had met
C. meet
D. met
4. Will you be angry if I ___ your pocket dictionary?
A. stole
B. have stolen
C. were to steal
D. steal
5. If he ____ the truth, the police wouldnt have arrest him
A. tells
B. told
C. had told
D. would tell
6. If you press that button, what ______?
A. would happen
B. would have happened
C. will happen
D. happen
7. If my mother ____ me up, I will catch the bus
A. doesnt pick
B. didnt take
C. not pick
D. hadnt picked
8. If the weather is nice, I ____ for a walk
A. will go
B. go
C. would go
D. would have gone
9. ____________, the accident would not have happened yesterday
A. If Nam drives more carefully
B. If had Nam driven more carefully
C. Had Nam driven more carefully
D. Unless Nam had driven more carefully
10. Id give up my job if I ____ a big prize in a lottery
A. win
B. won
C. had won
D. would won
Exercise 3: Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same
1. What would you do if you found some buried treasure?
If you were ______________
2. Working so much will make you tired
If you __________________
3. We didnt visit the museum because we hadnt time
We would ______________
4. Without you, I would have given up years ago
If it ___________________
5. We didnt go by air only because we hadnt enough money
If we __________________
6. If by any chance you find my wallet, could you let me know?
If you should ____________
7. I regret not studying hard last term
If only _________________
8. He didnt work hard at school, so he didnt get a good job when he left
If _____________________
9. People dont do enough exercise, so there is a lot of heart disease
If people _______________
10. Children have bad teeth because they eat too many sweets
Children would have better teeth if ______________
ĐÁP ÁN
Exercise 2: Choose the best answer to complete the sentences:
1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. C | 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. B |
Exercise 3: Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same
1. If you were to find some buried treasure, what would you do?
2. If you didnt work so much, you wouldnt be tired
3. We would have visited the museum if we had had time
4. If it hadnt been for you, I would have given up years ago
5. If we had had enough money, we would have gone by air
6. If you should find my wallet, could you let me know?
7. If only I had studied hard last tern
8. If he had worked hard at school, he would have got a good job when he left
9. If people did enough exercise, they wouldnt have/ get heart disease
10. Children would have better teeth if they didnt eat too many sweets
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Thông tin và kiến thức về chủ đề Bài tập câu điều kiện loại 2 lớp 6 có đáp an do Học viện Công nghệ Tekmonk chọn lọc và tổng hợp cùng với các chủ đề liên quan khác.
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